Martin Andreas Nowak (born April 7, 1965) is an Austrian-born professor of mathematics and biology at Harvard University. He is known for his work in evolutionary dynamics, focusing on evolutionary theory and viral dynamics. Nowak held faculty positions at Oxford University and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, before beginning a post at Harvard in July 2003. Nowak was one of the primary recipients of funding from Jeffrey Epstein on the Harvard faculty. In 2026, a release of U.S. Department of Justice files included cryptic brief email exchanges between Epstein and Nowak. == Early life and education == Nowak was born in Vienna, Austria, on April 7, 1965. He studied at the Albertus Magnus Gymnasium in Vienna and the University of Vienna, where he earned a doctorate in biochemistry and mathematics in 1989. During his studies, he collaborated with Peter Schuster on quasispecies theory and with Karl Sigmund on the evolution of cooperation. Nowak received the Sub auspiciis Praesidentis award upon completing his doctorate at the University of Vienna. == Career == In 1989, Nowak worked at the University of Oxford with Robert May as an Erwin Schrödinger Postdoctoral Scholar. He later became a Junior Research Fellow at Wolfson College and then Keble College. In 1992, he became a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellow in Biomedical Science before becoming a Professor of Mathematical Biology in 1997. In 1998, Nowak was recruited by the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) in Princeton as the Head of the Institute's first Initiative in Theoretical Biology until 2003. In 2003, Nowak joined Harvard University as a Professor of Mathematics and Biology. Nowak was also a co-director, with Sarah Coakley, of the Evolution and Theology of Cooperation project at Harvard University, sponsored by the Templeton Foundation, where he was also a member of their Board of Advisors. Nowak's research focuses on evolutionary game theory, cancer, viruses, infectious disease, the evolution of language and the evolution of cooperation. At Oxford, he helped to establish the fields of virus dynamics and spatial games (which later became evolutionary graph theory). He has collaborated with John Maynard Smith on genetic redundancy, Baruch Blumberg on the hepatitis B virus, Karl Sigmund on game theory, and with George Shaw and Andrew McMichael on HIV. He has published several books on evolutionary dynamics, the evolution of cooperation, and religion. == Personal life == Nowak is a Roman Catholic. In a 2007 lecture at Harvard, he argued that science and religion occupied different but complementary roles in humans' search for meaning, stating: "Science and religion are two essential components in the search for truth. Denying either is a barren approach." == Relationship with Jeffrey Epstein == Nowak maintained a close personal and financial relationship with convicted sex trafficker Jeffrey Epstein. The preface of his 2011 textbook, Evolutionary Dynamics: Exploring the Equations of Life, ends with "I thank Jeffrey Epstein for many ideas and for letting me participate in his passionate pursuit of knowledge in all its forms." In response to the revelations of Epstein's support of Nowak and his lab (the Program for Evolutionary Dynamics), in 2021 Nowak was suspended from supervising undergraduate research for two years, and the institute was permanently closed. Harvard's review, leading to the suspension, uncovered that Epstein had maintained access to a personal office in Nowak's lab for 9 years, even after his conviction for sex crimes, and used the office over 40 times, "typically accompanied by young women serving as his assistants". In 2023, Harvard lifted the sanctions against Nowak, and he remains on the faculty, jointly appointed in the Department of Mathematics and the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology. In 2026, Nowak was mentioned in the first tranche of documents from the Epstein files. In one exchange, Nowak says "our spy has been captured after completing her mission"; in return, Epstein asked: "did you torture her?" According to The Times, Nowak emailed Ghislaine Maxwell to thank her for her “amazing hospitality”, with a little apology about a near miss: “i am so very sorry i caused you so much worry and that i spoilt this day. i am so happy that i did not kill anybody. my perspective of life has changed somehow… lots of love martin.” == References == == External links == Official website Martin Nowak: Extended film interview with transcript for the 'Why Are We Here?' documentary series.