2001 Polish parliamentary election
← 1997
23 September 2001
2005 →
Opinion polls
Registered 29,364,455
Sejm
All 460 seats in the Sejm
231 seats needed for a majority
Turnout 13,559,412 (46.29%)
Decrease 1.64pp
  Majority party Minority party Third party
 
Leader Leszek Miller Maciej Płażyński Andrzej Lepper
Party SLD-UP PO SRP
Leader since 15 April 1999 19 January 2001[a] 10 January 1992
Last election 34.1%, 164 seats Did not exist 0.1%, 0 seats
Seats won 216 65 53
Seat change Increase 52 New Increase 53
Popular vote 5,342,519 1,651,099 1,327,624
Percentage 41.0% 12.7% 10.2%
Swing Increase 6.9 pp New Increase 10.1 pp
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader Lech Kaczyński Jarosław Kalinowski Marek Kotlinowski
Party PiS PSL LPR
Leader since 13 June 2001 11 October 1997 5 May 2001
Last election Did not exist 7.3%, 27 seats Did not exist
Seats won 44 42 38
Seat change New Increase 15 New
Popular vote 1,236,787 1,168,659 1,025,148
Percentage 9.5% 9.0% 7.9%
Swing New Increase 1.7 pp New
Senate
All 100 seats in the Senate
51 seats needed for a majority
Turnout 13,551,502 (46.15%)
Decrease 1.68pp
Party Vote % Seats +/–
SLD-UP

38.91 75 +47
Senate 2001

24.42 15 New
PSL

13.21 4 +1
SRP

4.28 2 +2
LPR

4.05 2 New
Independents

10.76 2 −3
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Government before Government after election
Buzek cabinet
AWS		 Miller cabinet
SLD—PSL—UP

Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 23 September 2001. All 460 members of the Sejm and 100 senators of the Senate were elected. The election concluded with an overwhelming victory for the centre-left Democratic Left Alliance – Labor Union, the electoral coalition between the Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) and the Labour Union (UP), which captured 41% of the vote in the crucial lower house Sejm. The 2001 election is recognized as marking the emergence of both Civic Platform (PO) and Law and Justice (PiS) as players in Polish politics, while also witnessing the outright collapse of the Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS) and its former coalition partner, the Freedom Union (UW).

Voter turnout for the 2001 election was 46%[2] The 2001 election featured heavy redistricting owing to local government reforms passed in 1998. For this election only, list seats were allocated using the Sainte-Laguë method instead of the D'Hondt method.

Background

At the end of its four-year term, the ruling AWS government of Prime Minister Jerzy Buzek faced bleak prospects for the September parliamentary election. In the previous presidential election in 2000, the SLD's Aleksander Kwaśniewski achieved a landslide reelection over AWS candidate Marian Krzaklewski. Economically, Polish consumer confidence dropped to its lowest since the mid-1990s, with unemployment rising above 16%.[3] Politically, the Buzek government faced a series of crises undermining its credibility. In May 2000, the AWS' junior coalition partner, the Freedom Union, walked out of the government regarding the party's objections to the slow pace of reform, forcing Buzek to set up a relatively weak minority government in its place.[4] Later in July 2001, Buzek's government was again hit by three further ministerial resignations over corruption charges, while the government's reform program for pensions and health care grounded to a halt in the Sejm.[3]

In light of Buzek's besieged administration, opposition parties took advantage of AWS' organisational and economic weaknesses. From the centre left, a political coalition between the Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) and the Labour Union (UP), headed by Leszek Miller, appeared as the ruling government's most formidable, united and vocal opposition. On the centre right, Solidarity's traditional spectrum of support increasingly became divided by the emergence of new political groups. Civic Platform (PO), composed of former AWS and UW members, repeated calls for a low flat-rate income tax and a culling of bureaucracy to attract investment.[3] Further down the right, the Law and Justice party (PiS), composed of AWS' more conservative and anti-communist adherents, campaigned on promises of tough anti-corruption and organised crime legislation.[3]

The campaign leading up to the September election was marred by voter apathy due to the summer holidays, and was also marginalized by the September 11 attacks in the United States.[5]

Campaign spending

Party 2001 2024 equivalent
Spent Cost Spent Cost
SLD-UP 26,995,002 5,05 13,500,029 2,53
PO 16,319,018 9,88 8,161,037 4,94
SRP 1,862,470 1,40 931,409 0,70
PiS 5,302,842 4,29 2,651,917 2,14
PSL 9,409,950 8,05 4,705,856 4,03
LPR 514,841 0,50 257,468 0,25
Source: Dudek[6]

Opinion polls

Main article: Opinion polling for the Polish parliamentary election, 2001
Graphical summary of opinion polls:
  Democratic Left Alliance – Labour Union
  Civic Platform
  Self-Defence
  Law and Justice
  Polish People's Party
  League of Polish Families
  Solidarity Electoral Action
  Freedom Union
  Democratic Left Alliance[b]
  Labour Union[b]
  Movement for Reconstruction of Poland[c]

Results

Powiats with party majority
■ – Democratic Left Alliance
■ – Polish People's Party
■ – Civic Platform
■ – Solidarity Electoral Action
■ – League of Polish Families
■ – German Minority
Results of the Sejm election, showing vote strength by electoral district. SLD won a plurality in all 41 constituencies.

The SLD triumphed in the final tally, receiving 41% percent of the vote, though shy of an outright parliamentary majority in the Sejm.[7] The party increased its representation by 52 seats, earning it 216 representatives, and returned to the Chancellery after a four-year period of sitting in opposition. Partly due to the fractious nature of its opponents, the SLD secured pluralities in all of Poland's voivodeships as well as in an overwhelming majority of the nation's powiats. On the centre right, Civic Platform entered parliament for the first time, coming in second place with nearly 13% of the vote.[7] The party stood relatively strong in Pomeranian Voivodeship.

Law and Justice (PiS), headed by Lech Kaczyński, a former Minister of Justice in the Buzek government, scored 44 seats and 9.5% of the vote, also securing his party's entrance into the Sejm for the first time. The Polish People's Party (PSL) won 42 seats, slightly reversing the party's devastating losses from 1997. The PSL would later enter into coalition with the SLD to achieve a parliamentary majority.

Nationalist parties also performed well in the election's final results. The left-wing nationalist Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland (SRP) increased its vote 100-fold from the 1997 election, securing 53 seats and 10% of the vote, coming in third place. Headed by populist Andrzej Lepper, the party campaigned against Warsaw excess and Poland's ongoing negotiations to enter the European Union.[8] On the far right, the League of Polish Families, which campaigned on a staunchly Catholic and anti-EU platform, also entered the Sejm for the first time, gaining 38 seats and 8% of the vote.[8]

The election proved catastrophic for Solidarity Electoral Action and its former coalition partner, Freedom Union. Both parties failed to secure the 8% for coalitions and 5% for standalone parties threshold to enter the Sejm, with AWS and UW falling to 5.6% and 3.1%, respectively.[7] In the election's aftermath, Prime Minister Buzek tendered his resignation. Both the AWS and UW faced political extinction following the election's aftermath. The AWS dissolved itself by the end of 2001; the UW lingered until its own dissolution in 2005.

Sejm

Party Votes % Seats +/–
Democratic Left Alliance – Labour Union 5,342,519 41.04 216 +52
Civic Platform 1,651,099 12.68 65 New
Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland 1,327,624 10.20 53 +53
Law and Justice 1,236,787 9.50 44 New
Polish People's Party 1,168,659 8.98 42 +15
League of Polish Families 1,025,148 7.87 38 +38
Solidarity of the Right Electoral Action 729,207 5.60 0 –201
Freedom Union 404,074 3.10 0 –60
Alternative Social Movement 54,266 0.42 0 –
German Minority 47,230 0.36 2 0
Polish Socialist Party 13,459 0.10 0 New
German Minority of Upper Silesia 8,024 0.06 0 New
Polish Economic Union [pl] 7,189 0.06 0 New
Polish National Commonwealth [pl] 2,644 0.02 0 0
Total 13,017,929 100.00 460 0
Valid votes 13,017,929 96.01
Invalid/blank votes 541,483 3.99
Total votes 13,559,412 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 29,364,455 46.18
Source: National Electoral Commission[9]

Party breakdown

Party or alliance Votes % Seats
Democratic Left Alliance – Labour Union Democratic Left Alliance 4,250,991 32.65 174
Labour Union[d] 333,356 2.56 16
Democratic People's Party [pl] 61,336 0.47 2
National Party of Retirees and Pensioners 49,799 0.38 1
Alliance of Democrats 30,404 0.23 1
Independents 616,261 4.73 22
Crossed out 372 0.00 0
Total 5,342,519 41.04 216
Civic Platform Conservative People's Party 336,862 2.59 17
Real Politics Union 62,639 0.48 0
Polish Christian Democratic Agreement 14,449 0.11 1
Freedom Union 5,022 0.04 0
Movement of the One Hundred [pl] 4,026 0.03 0
Solidarity Electoral Action 3,119 0.02 0
Christian Democracy of the Third Polish Republic 2,937 0.02 0
Self-Government Forum 1,514 0.01 0
Christian National Union 715 0.01 0
Republicans of the Republic [pl] 238 0.00 0
Independents 1,218,580 9.36 47
Crossed out 998 0.01 0
Total 1,651,099 12.68 65
Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland 1,134,797 8.72 45
Forum of Retirees and Pensioners [pl] 21,840 0.17 1
Polish People's Party 9,653 0.07 1
Union of War Veterans 1,457 0.01 0
Democratic Left Alliance 969 0.01 0
Independents 158,908 1.22 6
Total 1,327,624 10.20 53
Law and Justice Law and Justice[e] 664,536 5.10 24
Right Alliance 311,370 2.39 16
Labour Party 15,830 0.12 0
Centre Agreement 15,471 0.12 0
Movement for Reconstruction of Poland 11,350 0.09 0
Solidarity Electoral Action 4,739 0.04 0
Conservative People's Party 3,451 0.03 0
Christian National Union 911 0.01 0
Real Politics Union 760 0.01 0
Polish Christian Democratic Agreement 490 0.00 0
Independents 207,300 1.59 4
Crossed out 579 0.00 0
Total 1,236,787 9.50 44
Polish People's Party Polish People's Party[f] 1,010,998 7.77 36
Bloc for Poland [pl] 9,498 0.07 1
Polish State Reason Faction [pl] 8,886 0.07 1
National Party 2,116 0.02 0
Greens of the Republic of Poland 1,706 0.01 0
Polish Party of Engineers and Technicians 918 0.01 0
Alliance of Democrats 151 0.00 0
Independents 134,215 1.03 4
Crossed out 171 0.00 0
Total 1,168,659 8.98 42
League of Polish Families Polish Agreement[g] 166,948 1.28 8
National-Catholic Movement[h] 91,092 0.70 5
National Party 67,668 0.52 4
Movement for Reconstruction of Poland 59,102 0.45 2
Popular National Alliance 38,756 0.30 1
League of Polish Families 33,867 0.26 1
Solidarity Electoral Action 6,614 0.05 0
Alliance for Poland 4,945 0.04 0
Polish League 4,628 0.04 0
Peasants' Agreement 2,290 0.02 0
Patrimony 1,708 0.01 0
Labour Party 1,614 0.01 0
Christian National Union 902 0.01 0
SKChO 816 0.01 0
Confederation of Independent Poland 539 0.00 0
All-Polish Youth 482 0.00 0
Merchant Party 433 0.00 0
Polish Christian Democratic Agreement 390 0.00 0
Independents 542,354 4.17 17
Total 1,025,148 7.87 38
Solidarity of the Right Electoral Action Solidarity Electoral Action[i] 371,588 2.85 0
Christian National Union[j] 125,443 0.96 0
Polish Christian Democratic Agreement[k] 115,621 0.89 0
Confederation of Independent Poland 9,253 0.07 0
Polish People's Party (Mikołajczykowskie) [pl] 2,660 0.02 0
Christian Democracy of the Third Polish Republic 208 0.00 0
Movement for Reconstruction of Poland 198 0.00 0
Independents 104,236 0.80 0
Total 729,207 5.60 0
Freedom Union Freedom Union[l] 349,531 2.68 0
Independents 54,543 0.42 0
Total 404,074 3.10 0
Alternative Social Movement Alternative Social Movement 16,014 0.12 0
Confederation of Independent Poland – Fatherland [pl] 5,655 0.04 0
Polish Ecologist Party – of the Greens [pl] 1,086 0.01 0
Alliance of New Forces 613 0.00 0
Polish People's Party (Mikołajczykowskie) [pl] 428 0.00 0
The Poor of Poland 372 0.00 0
National Rebirth of Poland 360 0.00 0
National Party of Retirees and Pensioners 328 0.00 0
Polish Front 324 0.00 0
Christian National Union 290 0.00 0
National Self-Government Agreement "Fatherland" 186 0.00 0
National Party 145 0.00 0
Polish League 120 0.00 0
League of Polish Families 101 0.00 0
Christian Democracy of the Third Polish Republic 97 0.00 0
Movement for Reconstruction of Poland 11 0.00 0
Independents 28,136 0.22 0
Total 54,266 0.42 0
German Minority Independents 47,230 0.36 2
Polish Socialist Party Polish Socialist Party[m] 8,760 0.07 0
National Forum of the Left 108 0.00 0
Independents 4,591 0.04 0
Total 13,459 0.10 0
German Minority of Upper Silesia Solidarity Electoral Action 181 0.00 0
Independents 7,843 0.06 0
Total 8,024 0.06 0
Polish Economic Union [pl] Polish Economic Union [pl] 5,496 0.04 0
Independents 1,693 0.01 0
Total 7,189 0.06 0
Polish National Commonwealth [pl] Polish National Commonwealth [pl][n] 2,068 0.02 0
Polish Workers' People's Party 576 0.00 0
Total 2,644 0.02 0
Total 13,017,929 100.00 460
Source: National Electoral Commission[10]

By constituency

Constituency Turnout SLD PO SRP PiS PSL LPR AWSP UW MN Others Lead
1 – Legnica 43.50 53.69 10.50 9.42 7.03 5.81 5.89 4.07 3.19 - 0.40 43.19
2 – Wałbrzych 43.89 52.68 11.74 10.91 4.67 5.48 6.48 4.24 3.27 - 0.55 40.94
3 – Wrocław 46.92 39.15 17.83 9.51 10.26 4.74 7.86 5.21 5.00 - 0.45 21.32
4 – Bydgoszcz 46.53 50.37 8.97 9.57 7.38 7.85 8.16 4.97 2.27 - 0.46 40.80
5 – Toruń 42.68 47.36 9.59 12.05 6.98 8.86 7.61 4.23 2.64 - 0.67 35.31
6 – Lublin 48.09 34.27 8.48 13.31 9.42 17.27 9.91 4.50 2.18 - 0.66 17.00
7 – Chełm 46.65 34.58 5.91 15.86 5.23 21.38 11.30 3.85 1.49 - 0.40 13.20
8 – Zielona Góra 42.58 51.54 9.81 9.60 5.66 7.49 5.44 5.99 3.36 - 1.10 41.73
9 – Łódź 48.54 52.19 12.10 6.69 9.88 2.35 7.34 5.70 3.22 - 0.52 40.09
10 – Piotrków Trybunalski 44.73 39.70 8.33 15.90 6.32 14.91 7.49 4.80 1.63 - 0.93 23.80
11 – Sieradz 46.17 41.05 7.84 17.76 5.77 13.87 7.51 3.85 1.59 - 0.75 23.29
12 – Chrzanów 48.27 35.24 14.09 8.38 9.87 9.30 11.54 8.16 2.84 - 0.57 21.15
13 – Kraków 50.50 33.67 18.15 6.89 16.03 5.11 9.66 4.39 5.84 - 0.25 15.52
14 – Nowy Sącz 47.95 23.32 19.13 7.98 11.68 10.86 11.44 12.80 2.04 - 0.75 4.19
15 – Tarnów 46.59 25.56 13.77 10.05 9.77 17.40 13.02 7.87 2.22 - 0.33 8.16
16 – Płock 42.11 41.21 7.70 13.04 7.48 17.04 5.67 5.27 1.98 - 0.61 24.17
17 – Radom 43.66 34.38 10.64 13.54 8.00 18.10 7.71 5.47 1.59 - 0.58 16.28
18 – Siedlce 45.65 30.06 7.60 14.19 8.42 22.95 9.67 4.94 1.60 - 0.56 7.11
19 – Warsaw I 56.11 36.77 18.87 3.05 21.57 1.62 7.12 4.02 6.58 - 0.40 15.20
20 – Warsaw II 45.15 30.76 16.05 8.26 18.12 8.95 9.38 4.90 3.15 - 0.45 12.64
21 – Opole 39.83 38.84 11.97 11.01 5.33 5.08 6.62 3.66 3.09 13.62 0.78 25.22
22 – Krosno 47.28 31.62 7.02 12.27 8.79 15.90 11.89 10.29 1.75 - 0.48 15.72
23 – Rzeszów 49.14 31.19 8.86 10.14 8.41 13.78 15.78 9.90 1.36 - 0.58 15.41
24 – Białystok 44.79 37.91 8.42 12.04 11.51 10.96 11.79 4.89 1.87 - 0.61 25.87
25 – Gdańsk 47.56 34.58 25.82 6.38 15.95 3.39 5.90 4.91 2.83 - 0.23 8.76
26 – Gdynia 47.32 36.46 24.92 9.21 9.30 4.96 7.87 4.27 2.69 - 0.32 11.54
27 – Bielsko-Biała 51.06 38.30 13.80 7.91 9.87 5.65 9.83 10.21 3.79 - 0.65 24.50
28 – Częstochowa 46.84 47.03 11.70 10.61 7.89 7.14 5.48 6.99 2.37 - 0.79 35.33
29 – Gliwice 39.26 44.39 13.62 6.09 9.81 3.01 5.48 8.44 5.33 - 3.84 30.77
30 – Rybnik 42.88 40.16 18.04 7.10 9.61 4.15 5.97 7.55 4.23 2.09 1.08 22.12
31 – Katowice 44.90 44.60 16.43 5.55 12.44 2.01 - 13.34 4.60 - 1.03 28.17
32 – Sosnowiec 48.53 62.40 8.45 6.84 6.66 3.86 3.97 4.23 2.71 - 0.86 53.95
33 – Kielce 44.17 45.08 7.16 12.81 6.73 15.07 6.24 3.68 1.80 - 1.41 30.01
34 – Elbląg 42.03 47.89 10.35 12.71 6.36 9.06 6.69 2.72 3.86 - 0.35 35.18
35 – Olsztyn 40.16 47.22 11.64 9.63 7.87 6.94 8.57 3.97 3.48 - 0.67 35.58
36 – Kalisz 49.99 47.31 10.16 12.77 4.06 12.00 7.49 3.75 1.93 - 0.54 34.54
37 – Konin 47.82 48.07 8.88 13.76 4.78 11.33 5.66 5.15 1.80 - 0.56 34.31
38 – Piła 49.12 48.34 10.47 11.74 4.62 10.55 6.64 4.55 2.68 - 0.43 36.60
39 – Poznań 52.27 41.99 20.29 5.08 12.81 2.98 7.22 4.26 4.97 - 0.49 21.70
40 – Koszalin 43.75 47.16 10.15 22.77 3.73 4.11 4.45 4.06 3.01 - 0.56 24.39
41 – Szczecin 43.40 50.58 12.56 10.24 8.28 3.75 5.77 4.24 4.26 - 0.32 38.02
Poland 46.29 41.04 12.68 10.20 9.50 8.98 7.87 5.60 3.10 0.36 0.66 28.36

Seat distribution by constituency

Constituency SLD PO SRP PiS PSL LPR MN Sum
1 – Legnica 7 1 1 1 1 1 - 12
2 – Wałbrzych 6 1 1 - - 1 - 9
3 – Wrocław 6 3 1 2 1 1 - 14
4 – Bydgoszcz 7 1 1 1 1 1 - 12
5 – Toruń 7 1 2 1 1 1 - 13
6 – Lublin 5 1 2 2 3 2 - 15
7 – Chełm 5 1 2 - 3 1 - 12
8 – Zielona Góra 7 1 1 1 1 1 - 12
9 – Łódź 6 2 1 1 - 1 - 11
10 – Piotrków Trybunalski 4 1 2 - 1 1 - 9
11 – Sieradz 5 1 2 1 2 1 - 12
12 – Chrzanów 3 1 - 1 1 1 - 7
13 – Kraków 5 3 1 2 1 2 - 14
14 – Nowy Sącz 3 2 1 1 1 1 - 9
15 – Tarnów 2 1 1 1 2 1 - 8
16 – Płock 5 1 1 1 2 - - 10
17 – Radom 3 1 1 1 2 1 - 9
18 – Siedlce 4 1 2 1 3 1 - 12
19 – Warsaw I 8 4 - 5 - 2 - 19
20 – Warsaw II 3 2 1 2 1 1 - 10
21 – Opole 5 2 2 1 - 1 2 13
22 – Krosno 4 1 2 1 2 1 - 11
23 – Rzeszów 5 2 2 1 2 3 - 15
24 – Białystok 6 1 2 2 2 2 - 15
25 – Gdańsk 5 3 1 2 - 1 - 12
26 – Gdynia 6 4 1 1 1 1 - 14
27 – Bielsko-Biała 4 2 1 1 - 1 - 9
28 – Częstochowa 4 1 1 1 - - - 7
29 – Gliwice 6 2 1 1 - - - 10
30 – Rybnik 5 2 1 1 - - - 9
31 – Katowice 7 3 1 2 - - - 13
32 – Sosnowiec 7 1 1 - - - - 9
33 – Kielce 8 1 2 1 3 1 - 16
34 – Elbląg 5 1 1 - 1 - - 8
35 – Olsztyn 5 1 1 1 - 1 - 9
36 – Kalisz 6 1 2 - 2 1 - 12
37 – Konin 5 1 2 - 1 - - 9
38 – Piła 5 1 1 - 1 1 - 9
39 – Poznań 5 2 - 2 - 1 - 10
40 – Koszalin 5 1 2 - - - - 8
41 – Szczecin 7 2 2 1 - 1 - 13
Total 216 65 53 44 42 38 2 460

Senate

Party Votes % Seats +/–
Democratic Left Alliance – Labour Union 10,532,523 38.91 75 +47
Senate 2001 6,610,751 24.42 15 –
Polish People's Party 3,575,388 13.21 4 +1
Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland 1,158,887 4.28 2 –
League of Polish Families 1,097,058 4.05 2 New
Real Politics Union 469,815 1.74 0 0
Alternative Social Movement 296,407 1.10 0 New
Polish Economic Union [pl] 146,299 0.54 0 New
KWW Supporters of Lech Kaczyński 142,461 0.53 1 New
German Minority Electoral Committee 138,120 0.51 0 0
Polish Socialist Party 131,987 0.49 0 New
KWW Henryk Stokłosa [pl] 113,139 0.42 1 0
Local lists and independents 2,656,284 9.81 0 –5
Total 27,069,119 100.00 100 0
Valid votes 13,072,323 96.46
Invalid/blank votes 479,179 3.54
Total votes 13,551,502 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 29,364,455 46.15
Source: National Electoral Commission[11]

By constituency

No. Constituency Total seats Seats won
SLD–UP BS PSL SRP LPR Others
1 Legnica 3 3
2 Wałbrzych 2 2
3 Wrocław 3 3
4 Bydgoszcz 2 2
5 Toruń 3 3
6 Lublin 3 2 1
7 Chełm 3 1 1 1
8 Zielona Góra 3 3
9 Łódź 2 2
10 Piotrków Trybunalski 2 1 1
11 Sieradz 3 3
12 Kraków 4 4
13 Nowy Sącz 2 2
14 Tarnów 2 1 1
15 Płock 2 2
16 Radom 2 2
17 Siedlce 3 1 1 1
18 Warsaw 4 2 2
19 Warsaw 2 2
20 Opole 3 2 1
21 Krosno 2 2
22 Rzeszów 3 1 2
23 Białystok 3 2 1
24 Gdańsk 3 1 1 1
25 Gdynia 3 2 1
26 Bielsko-Biała 2 1 1
27 Częstochowa 2 2
28 Gliwice 2 1 1
29 Rybnik 2 2
30 Katowice 3 2 1
31 Sosnowiec 2 2
32 Kielce 3 3
33 Elbląg 2 2
34 Olsztyn 2 2
35 Kalisz 3 3
36 Konin 2 2
37 Piła 2 1 1
38 Poznań 2 1 1
39 Koszalin 2 2
40 Szczecin 2 2
Total 100 75 15 4 2 2 2
Source: National Electoral Commission

References

  1. ^ "Maciej Płażyński (1958-2010)". Gazeta Prawna (in Polish). 17 April 2010. 19 stycznia 2001 roku wraz z Andrzejem Olechowskim i Donaldem Tuskiem powołał Platformę Obywatelską. W wyborach parlamentarnych 2001 Płażyński, startując z listy Platformy Obywatelskiej, uzyskał najlepszy indywidualny wynik w okręgu gdańskim, wygrywając między innymi z Lechem Kaczyńskim. W 2002 roku był inicjatorem porozumienia PO i PiS tworzącego koalicję PO-PiS na wybory samorządowe w 2002 roku. W czerwcu 2003 roku złożył rezygnację z funkcji przewodniczącego klubu PO oraz z szefa partii i opuścił partię. [On 19 January 2001, together with Andrzej Olechowski and Donald Tusk, he established the Civic Platform. In the 2001 parliamentary elections, Płażyński, running on the Civic Platform list, achieved the best individual result in the Gdańsk constituency, defeating Lech Kaczyński, among others. In 2002, he initiated an agreement between the PO and PiS to form a PO-PiS coalition for the 2002 local elections. In June 2003, he resigned as chairman of the PO club and leader of the party and left the party.]
  2. ^ "Wybory do Sejmu: ogólne dane statystyczne". Wybory do Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i Senatu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, 23 września 2001. Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  3. ^ a b c d "The end of Solidarity". The Economist. 16 August 2001. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  4. ^ "Poland sets up minority government". BBC News. 6 June 2000. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  5. ^ Szczerbiak, Aleks (1 September 2002). "Poland's Unexpected Political Earthquake: The September 2001 Parliamentary Election". Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics. 18 (3): 41–76. doi:10.1080/714003608. S2CID 154677549.
  6. ^ Dudek, Antoni (2023). Historia polityczna Polski 1989–2023 [Polish political history 1989-2023] (in Polish). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar. ISBN 978-83-67450-66-9.
  7. ^ a b c "Left victorious in Poland". BBC News. 24 September 2001. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  8. ^ a b "The left is back—in the centre". The Economist. 27 September 2001. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  9. ^ "Wybory do Sejmu w 2001 r." National Electoral Commission (in Polish). Retrieved 2024-12-28.
  10. ^ "Wybory do Sejmu w 2001 r." National Electoral Commission (in Polish). Retrieved 2024-12-28.
  11. ^ "Wybory do Senatu: wyniki głosowania i wyniki wyborów". pkw.gov.pl (in Polish). National Electoral Commission. 2001.

Notes

  1. ^ Płażyński was the leading candidate of Civic Platform and the party's co-founder, but was not party leader until October 2001.[1]
  2. ^ a b Contested election under the Democratic Left Alliance – Labour Union (Polish: Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej–Unia Pracy) alliance.
  3. ^ Contested election in the lists of the League of Polish Families.
  4. ^ Includes 51,557 votes and 3 seats for supported independents.
  5. ^ Includes 298,104 votes and 11 seats for supported independents.
  6. ^ Includes 110,563 votes and 1 seat for supported independents.
  7. ^ Includes 19,489 votes and 0 seats for supported independents.
  8. ^ Includes 281 votes and 0 seats for supported independents.
  9. ^ Includes 19,242 votes and 0 seats for supported independents.
  10. ^ Includes 13,664 votes and 0 seats for supported independents.
  11. ^ Includes 5,254 votes and 0 seats for supported independents.
  12. ^ Includes 156 votes and 0 seats for supported independents.
  13. ^ Includes 532 votes and 0 seats for supported independents.
  14. ^ Includes 615 votes and 0 seats for supported independents.
  • Obwieszczenie Państwowej Komisji Wyborczej z dn. 26 IX 1997 r., Monitor Polski. Nr 109, poz. 1186
  • Obwieszczenie PKW z dn. 26 IX 2001 r., Dz.U. Nr 109, poz. 1187