Islamabad Memorandum
Islamabad Memorandum of Understanding between the United States of America and the Islamic Republic of Iran
U.S. president Donald Trump signs the Islamabad Memorandum of Understanding at the Palace of Versailles, with US Secretary of State Marco Rubio standing behind Trump, French President Emmanuel Macron sitting next to Trump, and France's Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs Jean-Noël Barrot standing behind Macron.
Type Memorandum of Understanding
Context 2025–2026 Iran–United States negotiations and Middle Eastern crisis (2026 Iran war and 2026 Lebanon war)
Drafted 14 June 2026
Signed 17 June 2026[a]
Location
  • France Palace of Versailles, France
  • Iran Tehran, Iran
Replaces 2026 Iran war ceasefire
Mediators
  • Pakistan
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Turkey
  • Qatar
  • Egypt
Negotiators
  • United States JD Vance
  • United States Jared Kushner
  • United States Steve Witkoff
  • Iran Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf
  • Iran Abbas Araghchi
  • Pakistan Shehbaz Sharif
  • Pakistan Asim Munir
Signatories
  • United States Donald Trump
  • Iran Masoud Pezeshkian
  • Pakistan Shehbaz Sharif
Parties
  • United States
  • Iran
Language English and Persian
Full text
Islamabad Memorandum of Understanding between the United States of America and the Islamic Republic of Iran at Wikisource

The Islamabad Memorandum, officially the Islamabad Memorandum of Understanding between the United States of America and the Islamic Republic of Iran, is a memorandum of understanding between the United States and Iran aimed at ending the 2026 Iran war.[1] It was primarily brokered by Pakistan,[2] with Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Egypt[3] also facilitating negotiations.[4][5][6]

Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif said that the U.S. and Iran had reached agreement on final text to end the war on 12 June 2026.[7] On 15 June, U.S. Vice President JD Vance announced that the memorandum was digitally signed by representatives of the U.S. and Iran on the previous day.[8] On 17 June, Trump and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian signed remotely the memorandum of understanding to end the war, with Trump signing it during dinner with French President Emmanuel Macron at the Palace of Versailles following the G7 summit, after which Pezeshkian signed it in Tehran.[9][10] Iranian Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei issued a written statement, saying that he endorsed the memorandum of understanding despite misgivings.[11]

The memorandum is a 14-point "framework agreement"[12][13] and provides for an end to military strikes, the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz to commercial shipping toll-free for 60 days,[14] an end to the U.S. naval blockade of Iranian ports, and a 60-day extension of the ceasefire.[12] Iran indicated that it intended to charge fees for unspecified services to ships transiting through the Strait of Hormuz, though analysts questioned whether this would be legal.[15] Subject to a final deal, the Islamabad Memorandum would also include an at least $300 billion private fund designed to trigger investment in Iran in addition to the release of frozen Iranian assets.[16][17] The Islamabad Memorandum also immediately waives, but doesn't eliminate, sanctions that Trump imposed on Iran's oil exports, allowing Iran once again to sell its crude on the world market and restoring a revenue stream worth hundreds of billions of dollars.[18] Major issues, however, were not settled in the framework agreement, which contains no accord on Iran's nuclear program or uranium stockpiles, although it does call for the downgrading of Iranian uranium from weapons-grade to reactor-grade following a final agreement.[12][19] These issues are deferred to future talks to take place over the 60-day ceasefire extension.[12] The framework agreement also does not mention the Iranian ballistic missile program or its network of non-state allies in the Middle East.[20]

Background

See also: Iran nuclear deal and Islamabad Talks

The Islamabad Talks, were held in Islamabad, Pakistan, on 11 and 12 April 2026. Aimed at stabilizing the 2026 Iran war ceasefire and negotiating a potential resolution to the war,[21] the talks were moderated by Pakistan, which played a central role in brokering the ceasefire and facilitating the talks.[22][23]

The 300-member U.S. negotiating team was led by Vice President JD Vance, alongside special envoys Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner; while the 70-member Iranian team was led by parliamentary speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, alongside foreign minister Abbas Araghchi. The Pakistani mediating team was led by prime minister Shehbaz Sharif, field marshal Asim Munir, and deputy prime minister and foreign minister Ishaq Dar. The talks lasted 21 hours[24] between 11 and 12 April 2026, and consisted of three rounds with the first one being indirect and the second and third ones being direct. The day of the meeting, Trump told reporters that he did not care about whether an agreement would come out of the talks.[25]

The teams were reportedly able to agree on the main points of the 10-points ceasefire, with the exception of the issues regarding the Strait of Hormuz and the Iranian nuclear program. The talks ended with no agreement reached,[26][27] and no memorandum of understanding (MoU) being issued.[28] Following the failure of the talks, U.S. president Donald Trump imposed a naval blockade on Iran on 13 April, interdicting any ships entering or departing Iranian ports.[29]

The United States and Iran reached a final agreed-upon text for a peace deal to end the war on 12 June 2026.[30] On 17 June, Donald Trump and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian signed remotely the memorandum of understanding to end the war, which established a 60-day extension of the ceasefire to negotiate the final terms of a deal.[31]

Discussions

On 11 June, key gaps regarding the release of frozen Iranian assets, the reopening of the Hormuz, and protocols for managing Iran's nuclear program during a 60-day ceasefire were narrowed in talks between Iranian officials and Qatari mediators in Tehran, coordinated with the United States.[32][33] Two days later, Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, a key mediator announced that a memorandum of understanding will be digitally signed the following day.[34]

On 14 June, Iran said that the draft US deal included Tehran agreeing not to produce or acquire nuclear weapons, and the US agreeing to allow Tehran to dilute its highly enriched uranium stockpile in Iran.[35] A committment not to obtain nuclear arms, however, is not a new concession by Iran, which already made that pledge in ratifying the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty more than a half-century earlier, and restated that pledge in the 2015 JCPOA.[36]

The same day, US President Donald Trump and Iran announced that they had reached the agreement to end the war and reopen the Strait of Hormuz. Trump also said that he had authorized the lifting of the US naval blockade.[37] However he clarified that if he does not like the agreement with Iran, the United States will "go right back to dropping bombs".[38]

The US military later said that the blockade remains in effect until the agreement is signed on 19 June.[39]

On the eve of the full signing, USA and Iran published the 14-points of the document.[40][41]

On 18 June, Pakistan stated that the signing of the US-Iran memorandum of understanding to end the war implies Tehran will reopen the Hormuz "instantly" and the American blockade of Iranian ports will end "immediately."[42]

Implementation

Video of President Trump signing the memorandum as published by the White House

Implementation of the Islamabad Memorandum went officially underway after remote digital signatures by the United States and Iranian presidents. The agreement is expected to establish an immediate and permanent termination of military operations across all fronts, including Lebanon. Both parties committed to an immediate cessation of war. Iran is expected to instantly reopen the Strait of Hormuz and the United States is supposed to begin dismantling its naval blockade.[43][41] According to Iranian media, 11 Iranian ships broke through U.S. naval blockade after the Islamabad Memorandum was signed,[44] while sources told the The Jerusalem Post that commercial ships in Hormuz were attracted by multiple Iranian drones after the MOU was agreed upon.[45]

The UAE already sent $3 billion of at least $10 billion to be sent to Iran from the UAE after the signing of the Islamabad Memorandum.[46]

On 18 June, CENTCOM announced that it had removed the naval blockade of Iranian ports.[47]

Text, gaps, and disputes over scope

The memorandum is a "framework agreement" and the terms remained secret at the time of its signing,[12] although U.S. Vice President J.D. Vance said the U.S. would release the full text later.[1]

The agreement provides for an end to military strikes, the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz to commercial shipping, and an end to the U.S. naval blockade of Iranian ports, and a 60-day extension of the ceasefire.[12] Iranian First Vice President Mohammad Reza Aref said Tehran would retain control over the Strait of Hormuz, noting that vessels using the strategic waterway should contribute to the cost of services provided by the Islamic Republic to ensure safe navigation.[48] The Islamabad Memorandum also includes a $300 billion fund for Iran in addition to the release of frozen Iranian assets,[16] as well as sanctions relief.[17] Major issues, however, were not agreed upon in the framework agreement, which contains no accord on Iran's nuclear program, uranium stockpiles, or sanctions relief.[12][19] These issues were deferred to future talks to take place over the 60-day ceasefire extension.[12] The framework agreement reportedly contains nothing about Iranian ballistic missile program or its network of non-state allies in the Middle East.[20]

Prior to the framework agreement being signed, the U.S. and Iran described its terms differently.[12] Iranian officials asserted that the U.S. pledges immediate sanctions relief and release of frozen Iranian assets during the 60-day negotiation period following the agreement, but the U.S. denied this.[12] U.S. President Donald Trump claimed that the agreement means the strait will be "permanently toll-free" but Iran said it still intended to charge "fees" (but not "tolls") to ships traversing the Persian Gulf.[12] Primary mediator Pakistan and Iranian officials said that the framework agreement halts "military operations on all fronts, including Lebanon, effective immediately." However, Israel, which is not a party to the agreement and was not directly involved in its negotiation, disputed this and said it "reserved the right" to strike Lebanon in retaliation for attacks by Hezbollah.[4][20]

Contents

Islamabad Memorandum[49]
  1. The United States of America and the Islamic Republic of Iran and their allies in the current war by signing this MoU, declare the immediate and permanent termination of military operations on all fronts, including in Lebanon, and undertake from now on not to initiate any war or any military operation against each other, and to refrain from the threat or use of force against each other, and ensuring the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Lebanon. Final deal will confirm the permanent termination of the war on all fronts, including in Lebanon, and other provisions of this paragraph.
  2. The United States of America and the Islamic Republic of Iran undertake to respect each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity and to refrain from interfering in each other's internal affairs.
  3. The United States of America and the Islamic Republic of Iran commit to negotiating and achieving the final deal in maximum 60 days, extendable with mutual consent.
  4. Immediately upon the signing of this MoU, the United States of America will begin the removal of its naval blockade and any disturbances or impediments against the Islamic Republic of Iran, and will fully end the naval blockade within 30 days. During this period, the traffic of vessels will be in proportion to the numbers of pre-war traffic being restored by the Islamic Republic of Iran. The United States of America further undertakes to remove its forces from the proximity of the Islamic Republic of Iran within 30 days after the final deal.
  5. Upon the signing of this MoU, the Islamic Republic of Iran will make arrangements using its best efforts for the safe passage of commercial vessels with no charge for 60 days only from the Persian Gulf to the Sea of Oman and vice versa. The traffic of commercial vessels will immediately start, and considering the need for removing the technical and military obstacles and demining by the Islamic Republic of Iran, will be instated within 30 days. The Islamic Republic of Iran will conduct dialogue with the Sultanate of Oman to define the future administration and maritime services in the Strait of Hormuz in discussion with other Persian Gulf littoral states in line with the applicable international law and the sovereign rights of coastal states of the Strait of Hormuz.
  6. The United States of America undertakes with regional partners to develop a definitive, mutually agreed plan with at least $300 billion for the reconstruction and economic development of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The mechanism for the implementation of this plan will be finalized as part of a final deal within 60 days. All required licenses, waivers and permissions needed for the relevant financial transactions will be granted by the United States of America.
  7. The United States of America undertakes to terminate all types of sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran, including the United Nations Security Council resolutions, i.e. IAEA [International Atomic Energy Agency] Board of Governors resolutions and all unilateral U.S. sanctions, primary and secondary, in an agreed-upon schedule as part of the final deal. The Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America acknowledge the critical importance of the sanctions-termination issue above mentioned, and expressed their intentions to immediately address these issues in the negotiations, in order to achieve mutual agreement on them.
  8. The Islamic Republic of Iran reaffirms that it shall not procure or develop nuclear weapons. The United States of America and the Islamic Republic of Iran have agreed to resolve the disposition of stockpiled enriched material, pursuant to a mechanism that will be mutually agreed upon in accordance with the schedule mentioned in paragraph seven, with the minimum methodology to be downblending on site under the supervision of the IAEA. The two parties also agreed to discuss the issue of enrichment and other mutually agreed matters related to the Islamic Republic of Iran's nuclear needs based on a satisfactory framework being agreed upon in the final deal. The final deal will confirm the provisions of this paragraph. The United States of America and the Islamic Republic of Iran acknowledge the critical importance of the nuclear issues above mentioned and express their intention to immediately address these issues in the negotiations in order to achieve mutual agreement on them.
  9. Pending the final deal, the United States of America and the Islamic Republic of Iran agree to maintain the status quo. The Islamic Republic of Iran will maintain the current status quo of its nuclear program, and the United States of America will not impose any new sanctions and will not deploy additional forces in the region.
  10. The United States of America undertakes that immediately upon the signing of this MoU until the termination of sanctions, the U.S. Department of Treasury will issue waivers for the export of Iranian crude oil, petroleum products and derivatives, and all associated services, including banking transactions, insurances, transportation, etc.
  11. The United States of America undertakes to make fully available for use the frozen or restricted funds and assets of the Islamic Republic of Iran upon the implementation of this MoU. The United States of America and the Islamic Republic of Iran will mutually agree on the procedures related to the release of these funds during the negotiations. Such funds, either retained in the original account or transferred, shall be made fully usable for payment to any ultimate beneficiary designated by the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The United States of America undertakes to issue all necessary licenses and authorizations accordingly.
  12. The United States of America and the Islamic Republic of Iran agree that an executive mechanism will be established to monitor the successful implementation of this MoU and the future compliance of the final deal.
  13. After signing this MoU and subject to the beginning of the implementation of paragraphs 1, 4, 5, 10 and 11 of this MoU and the continuing implementation of these measures, the United States of America and the Islamic Republic of Iran will start negotiations regarding the final deal exclusively on the other paragraphs.
  14. The final deal will be endorsed by a binding UNSC [U.N. Security Council] resolution.

Impact and reactions

A pro-Pahlavi rally at the State Library Victoria in Melbourne, protesting the Islamabad Memorandum, 20 June 2026.

Iran

Islamic Consultative Assembly Speaker and Chief Negotiator Islamic Revolutionary Guard Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf who signed the deal and President Masoud Pezeshkian hailed the deal as step on road to winning.[50][51] Ayatallah Nabavian, Iran's National Security Commissioner, criticized the deal, saying that there is no space for Iran to exercise management over the Hormuz Strait and comparing US investment in Iran's rebuilding and required opinion on its usage to the United States' colonization of Iran.[52]

Iranian Principlists chanted against Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, Parliament Speaker and chief negotiator Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf as they protested the deal with the United States outside the Iran Foreign Ministry office.[53]

United States

Trump signed a preliminary version of the document in Versailles, France, while he was visiting the country for the 52nd G7 summit.[54] Vance acknowledged that the agreement was "a very general document" roughly "a page and half" long.[12] Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent anticipated further relief in energy costs for Americans.[5]

Israel

Israel has expressed strong disapproval of the Islamabad Memorandum and intended to continue military operations in Lebanon.[55][56]

Israel was not part of the U.S.-Iran negotiations over the MOU, and Israeli officials indicated that military operations will continue in Lebanon regardless of the MOU wording.[57] Israel bombed Beirut twice during the U.S.-Iran negotiations, nearly derailing the negotiations each time.[58][59]

After the preliminary MOU was signed, Pakistan and Iran said that the ceasefire halts "military operations on all fronts, including Lebanon, effective immediately" but Israel rejected this contention.[4][20] Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and the rest of his government said that Israel was not bound by the agreement, with Netanyahu saying that the country would "preserve its freedom of action" against threats from Hezbollah in Lebanon.[20] While combat between Israel and Hezbollah was dialed back in the immediate aftermath of the memorandum's signing, the Hezbollah–Israel conflict continued.[20] Israel conducted a strike south of Beirut on June 14.[60] Israeli defense minister Israel Katz said that Israeli forces would remain in the territory in southern Lebanon seized since the start of the war,[61][62] adding that the 200,000 displaced Lebanese residents from the security zone would never be allowed to return.[63] Israeli national security minister Itamar Ben-Gvir rejected the memorandum, stating that Israel was "not subordinate to the United States" and that its security was "not up for bargaining".[63][64] Following the deaths of four Israeli soldiers in southern Lebanon, Ben-Gvir called for Lebanon to be "obliterated" and posted on X that "all of Lebanon must burn."[65][63][64] Finance minister Bezalel Smotrich similarly called for "opening the gates of hell" in Lebanon, repeating rhetoric he had previously used in March 2025 regarding the Gaza Strip.[63] A report by the Israeli outlet Channel 14 reported that Netanyahu refused a request by Vance to scale back the IDF's presence in Lebanon.[66]

Gulf states

Officials from Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates did not respond directly to the Memorandum, though representatives, former diplomats and analysts expressed their frustrations that the terms published would do nothing to address the Iranian use of drones and shorter-range missiles, noting that the eased financial sanctions would provide Iran with the resources it would need to rebuild its stockpiles of such weapons. Frustrations were registered that American statements early in the war had been to address such weapons, including a statement from U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio early in the war that one of the American aims of the conflict was to "eliminate the threat of Iran's short-range ballistic missiles."[67]

Financial markets

Oil prices eased and stocks rallied following the news of the potential peace agreement.[68][69]

Analysis

According to a BBC Persian reporter, the agreement is framed in Iran as a "victory for the country and defeat for the US and Israel."[56] The Guardian reported that "Trump surrenders himself to Iran deal" and that the "deal met with anger, relief and incredulity" in "Israel and among [some] US Republicans.[70][71]

Due to geographic and geopolitical details, parallels have been drawn between the United States' signing of the Islamabad Memorandum to Weimar Germany's signing of the Treaty of Versailles at the end of World War I.[72][73]

Violations

On 19 June, US President Donald Trump announced a renewed ceasefire between Israel and Hezbollah, facilitated by the US, Qatar, and Iran.[74][75] Hezbollah announced an attack on Israeli forces attempting to capture Ali al-Taher in Nabatieh.[76] Israel continued to strike southern Lebanon numerous times.[77] On 20 June, Iran declared that it closed the Strait of Hormuz again due to Israeli strikes in Lebanon, describing them as a violation of its deal with the US. This claim was denied by the US military.[78][79]

See also

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  • Iran–United States relations
  • 2026 Lebanon war

Notes

  1. ^ Both parties initially planned to sign the memorandum at the Bürgenstock Resort in Switzerland on 19 June 2026, but both Iran and the United States agreed to instead sign the agreement two days ahead of the event at Versailles and Tehran.

References

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