This article is about the year 361. For the number, see 361 (number). For the company, see 361˚.
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361 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar 361
CCCLXI
Ab urbe condita 1114
Assyrian calendar 5111
Balinese saka calendar 282–283
Bengali calendar −233 – −232
Berber calendar 1311
Buddhist calendar 905
Burmese calendar −277
Byzantine calendar 5869–5870
Chinese calendar 庚申年 (Metal Monkey)
3058 or 2851
    — to —
辛酉年 (Metal Rooster)
3059 or 2852
Coptic calendar 77–78
Discordian calendar 1527
Ethiopian calendar 353–354
Hebrew calendar 4121–4122
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat 417–418
 - Shaka Samvat 282–283
 - Kali Yuga 3461–3462
Holocene calendar 10361
Iranian calendar 261 BP – 260 BP
Islamic calendar 269 BH – 268 BH
Javanese calendar 243–244
Julian calendar 361
CCCLXI
Korean calendar 2694
Minguo calendar 1551 before ROC
民前1551年
Nanakshahi calendar −1107
Seleucid era 672/673 AG
Thai solar calendar 903–904
Tibetan calendar ལྕགས་ཕོ་སྤྲེ་ལོ་
(male Iron-Monkey)
487 or 106 or −666
    — to —
ལྕགས་མོ་བྱ་ལོ་
(female Iron-Bird)
488 or 107 or −665
Emperor Julian the Apostate

Year 361 (CCCLXI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Taurus and Florentius (or, less frequently, year 1114 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 361 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

By place

Roman Empire

  • July – Julian begins leading his troops eastwards against Constantius II.[1]
  • November 3 – Emperor Constantius II dies of a fever at Mopsuestia in Cilicia, age 44; on his deathbed he is baptised, and declares his cousin Julian rightful successor.[2]
  • December 11 – Julian becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire; he rules from Constantinople, and tries to restore paganism. Constantius II is buried in the Church of the Holy Apostles.[3]
  • Ministers and followers of Constantius II are put on trial, at the Chalcedon Tribunal.[4]


China

  • July 10 – Sixteen Kingdoms: Jin Aidi, age 20, succeeds Jin Mudi, as emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

By topic

Art

  • 361–363 – A Julian the Apostate coin is issued. It is now kept at the British Museum, London.

Medicine

  • Constantinople enforces a strict licensing system for physicians.[5]

Religion

  • Emperor Julian tries to organize a pagan church and substitute it for Christianity. Pope Liberius repudiates the Arian creed, and declares that the Council of Ariminum has no authority to issue decrees.
  • Gregory Nazianzus (Saint Gregory the Theologian) returns to Nazianzus and is appointed a priest by his father, who wants him to assist local Christians.
  • Construction of the Monastery of Saint Anthony in the Eastern Desert of Egypt begins.
  • December 24 – George of Cappadocia, the Arian intruding bishop of Alexandria, is murdered in his see and Athanasius of Alexandria returns to his native city in triumph.

Deaths

Saint Maximus of Naples
Emperor Constantius II
  • November – Constantius II, Roman Emperor[2] (b. 317)
  • December 24
    • George of Cappadocia, Byzantine Orthodox archbishop and saint
    • George of Laodicea, Byzantine Orthodox archbishop and saint

Date unknown

  • Apodemius, Roman officer and secret agent[6]
  • Eusebius, Roman officer
  • Jin Mudi, emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (b. 343)
  • Li Shi, emperor of the Chinese Ba-Di state Cheng Han
  • Maximus of Naples, Roman Catholic archbishop and saint
  • Song Hun, regent of the Chinese state Former Liang
  • Wang Xizhi, Chinese calligrapher (b. 303)
  • Zhu Jingjian, Chinese Buddhist nun (b. 292)[7]

References

  1. ^ G.W. Bowersock, Julian the Apostate (Cambridge: Harvard University, 1978), p. 58 ISBN 0-674-48882-2
  2. ^ a b Bowersock, Julian, p. 61
  3. ^ Bowersock, Julian, p. 65
  4. ^ Bowersock, Julian, pp. 66-72
  5. ^ Stephens, Myles (2004), Talbot, John; and Patrick Waller (eds.), Stephens' Detection of New Adverse Drug Reactions (5th ed.), West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, p. 3, ISBN 0-470-84552-X
  6. ^ Bowersock, Julian, pp. 68f
  7. ^ Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Stefanowska, A. D.; Wiles, Sue (March 26, 2015). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Antiquity Through Sui, 1600 B.C.E. - 618 C.E. Routledge. p. 391. ISBN 978-1-317-47591-0.